Novel sensor-based method (quick test) for the in-season rapid evaluation of herbicide efficacy under real field conditions in durum wheat

Abstract Optimum herbicide use is a key factor affecting the success of any integrated weed management strategy. The main objective current study was to implement method based on spectrometer measurements for in situ evaluation efficacy and detection potentially herbicide-resistant weeds. Field trials were conducted Greece between 2018 2020 several durum wheat fields ( Triticum Desf.). In all trials, overall effect application recorded Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values (at 1 2 wk after treatment [WAT]) significant (P ≤ 0.001). For majority surveyed fields, low NDVI 2,4-D mixture clopyralid + florasulam from WAT, suggesting their increased efficacy. cases, pyroxsulam resulted reductions at WAT. As observed end growing seasons, herbicides that reduced lower biomass. Strong correlations aboveground biomass (2 WAT). particular, R 0.8234 0.8649, 0.8453, 0.8595, 0.8149, 0.8925 Aliartos, Thiva, Domokos, Larissa, Orestiada respectively. effects grain yield also Pot experiments confirmed high some cases could be attributed presence instance, resistance indices two accessions catchweed bedstraw Galium aparine L.) mesosulfuron-methyl iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium ranged 9.7 13.2, whereas one sterile oat [ Avena sterilis L. ssp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne] accession 8.8 times more resistant fenoxaprop- p -ethyl than susceptible one. present targeted making contribution toward establishing cause–effect relationships presenting useful tool developing effective practices arable crops under different soil climatic conditions.